What was a rigorous education and training program mandated for all male Spartan citizens called?

It made me think, incorrectly, of "agog", perhaps someone gung ho

When Agesilao invites Xenophon to educate his childrens un Sparta, it is not for them to learn grammar or dialectics,but yo adoctrinate themselves in the best of all sciences:in the science of comand and obedience.

Greece was the first Democracy ever!!