What is the name of a temporary camp without tents or cover, used especially by soldiers or mountaineers?

I have come across the word in my reading.

In his 1841 dictionary, Noah Webster (the Dictionary Dude) observed bivouac to be a French borrowing having military origins. He defined the noun bivouac as "the guard or watch of a whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or attack" and the verb as "to watch or be on guard, as a whole army." The French word is derived from the Low German word biwacht, which translates to "by guard." Germans used the word specifically for a patrol of citizens who assisted the town watch at night. Today, bivouac has less to do with guarding and patrolling than it does with taking shelter.